The 2018 World Alzheimer's Disease Report shows that 50 million people worldwide have dementia. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for 50%-70% of dementia cases worldwide. This paper reviews the pathophysiology of AD and the application prospects of related stem cells based on cell type.Äementia is a neurodegenerative, debilitating, and fatal disease characterized by progressive cognitive impairment, behavioral disorders, and loss of function in daily life. However, many steps still need to be taken before stem cell therapy becomes a clinically feasible treatment for human AD and related diseases. Cell replacement therapies, such as human embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cell–derived neural cells, have the potential to treat patients with AD, and human clinical trials are ongoing in this regard. Recent preclinical studies on stem cell therapy for AD have proved to be promising. Stem cell treatment has been successful in AD animal models. Stem cells have improved characteristics of self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and recombination with the advent of stem cell technology and the transformation of these cells into different types of central nervous system neurons and glial cells. Also, currently available drug candidates intervene too late. To date, almost all advanced clinical trials on specific AD-related pathways have failed mostly due to a large number of neurons lost in the brain of patients with AD. It is caused by synaptic failure and excessive accumulation of misfolded proteins. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairment.
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